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Les Kalashas, la dernière tribu: Présentation suivie d'une anthologie de contes populaires
Paperback
Series: Connaissance de l'Inde, Book 8
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Publisher: Independently Published
Published: Feb 5 2024
Pages: 64
Weight: 0.16
Height: 0.13 Width: 5.06 Depth: 7.81
Language: French
Les Kalashas font partie du groupe ethnolinguistique des locuteurs du nuristani. Le nuristani appartient à la famille des langues dardiques, une sous-branche de la famille linguistique indo-aryenne.
L'aire culturelle kalasha s'étendait du Cachemire à l'est à la Bactriane à l'ouest. Connu sous le nom de Peristan, ce pays montagneux n'a jamais été parmi les plus prospères, ni les plus célèbres. Cette contrée n'est mentionnée qu'une seule fois dans les chroniques historiques: lors de la campagne d'Alexandre le Grand vers l'Inde en -326.
Les Kalashas ont demeuré près de trois mille ans dans leur vallée de haute altitude sans subir outre mesure l'acculturation étrangère. Le panthéon kalasha ne porte donc pas les traces du zoroastrisme. Encastrés et isolés, les Kalashas n'ont que très peu subi l'influence des Empires perses, scythes ou indiens. Près d'un millénaire durant, les Kalashas eurent le bouddhisme comme voisin, mais celui-ci ne tenta jamais de s'imposer, ni même de devenir une sorte de religion d'État qui légitimerait soumission ou domination.
Ce n'est que très récemment, depuis moins de quelques siècles, que le modèle kalasha est véritablement mis en danger par une acculturation forcenée au modèle islamique.
En 2020, seuls quelques milliers de personnes, résidant dans la vallée du Chitral (frontalière du Pakistan et de l'Afghanistan) se revendiquent encore de la tradition ancestrale et panthéiste kalasha.
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