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Constitución de Cádiz
Hardcover
Series: Leyes, Book 12
General LawSpainish & Portuguese History
ISBN13: 9788411267250
Publisher: Linkgua Ediciones
Published: Jan 1 2024
Pages: 94
Weight: 0.69
Height: 0.38 Width: 6.00 Depth: 9.00
Language: Spanish
La Constitución de Cádiz, aprobada el 19 de marzo de 1812, festividad de San José, es conocida por eso como la Pepa.
Se trata de la primera Constitución liberal española. Ello es debido a su defensa de los derechos individuales, su voluntad de modificar o suprimir ciertas instituciones del Antiguo Régimen y su ideal de mejorar la sociedad. Los primeros artÃculos del texto proclaman una nación española transoceánica, libre e independiente que no es patrimonio de ninguna familia ni persona y limita los derechos de la monarquÃa.
Los diputados liberales
AgustÃn Argüelles,
Diego Muñoz Torrero y Pérez de Castro
fueron las figuras más destacadas en su elaboración. En 1814, al regresar a España el rey Fernando VII, firmó un decreto en el que decÃa que no la juraba ni aceptaba, ni ningún decreto de las Cortes. Declarando, asÃ, nulos esta Constitución y sus decretos.
La actitud del monarca provocó rebeliones en Latinoamérica y la independencia de todas las colonias españolas de allÃ, con excepción de Cuba y Puerto Rico.
Posteriormente, la Pepa se volvió a aplicar el 8 de marzo de 1820. Ese dÃa Fernando VII fue obligado a jurarla ante la rebelión de Rafael de Riego, hasta el fin del Trienio Liberal, en 1823. Volvió a estar en vigencia entre 1836 y 1837, mientras se redactaba la Constitución española de 1837.
Las principales caracterÃsticas de la Constitución de Cádiz fueron las siguientes:
Estableció la soberanÃa de la Nación, no la del rey.
Instauró la monarquÃa constitucional como forma de gobierno, estableciendo la división de poderes y limitando asà la autoridad del monarca.
Proclamó el sufragio universal masculino indirecto.
Estableció la libertad de imprenta, de industria, de comercio y el derecho a la propiedad privada.
Abolió los señorÃos feudales.
Concedió la ciudadanÃa española a todos los nacidos en las colonias americanas, fueran criollos, mestizos o indÃgenas.
Consagró a España como un Estado confesional católico, ya que prohibÃa expresamente cualquier otra religión.
No reconoció ningún derecho a las mujeres.
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