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Hormesis: A Revolution in Biology, Toxicology and Medicine

Hormesis: A Revolution in Biology, Toxicology and Medicine

Hardcover

Medical Reference

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ISBN10: 1607614944
ISBN13: 9781607614944
Publisher: Springer Pg
Published: Nov 18 2009
Pages: 213
Weight: 1.00
Height: 0.60 Width: 6.30 Depth: 9.20
Language: English
The term hormesis is de?ned as a process in which exposure to a low dose of a chemical agent or environmental factor that is damaging at higher doses induces an adaptive bene?cial effect on the cell or organism (Calabrese et al., 2007; Mattson, 2008). To survive and reproduce in harsh competitive environments, organisms and their cellular components have, through evolution, developed molecular mec- nisms to respond adaptively to various hazards or stressors that they encounter. Examples of such stressors include chemicals ingested in food and water (metals, phytochemicals, etc.), increased energy expenditure (running, ?ghting, cognitive challenges, etc.), and reduced energy availability (food scarcity), among others. In most cases, the response of the cell or organism to the stressor exhibits a biphasic dose response, with bene?cial/adaptive responses at low doses (improved fu- tion, increased resistance to damage and disease) and adverse/destructive effects (dysfunction, molecular damage, or even death) at high doses. The prevalence of the biphasic (hormetic) dose response characteristic of biological systems merits consideration of hormesis as a fundamental principle of biology.

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