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Îlots de pathogénicité bactérienne
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ISBN10: 6208917611
ISBN13: 9786208917616
Publisher: Editions Notre Savoir
Published: Jun 17 2025
Pages: 128
Weight: 0.40
Height: 0.30 Width: 6.00 Depth: 9.00
Language: French
ISBN13: 9786208917616
Publisher: Editions Notre Savoir
Published: Jun 17 2025
Pages: 128
Weight: 0.40
Height: 0.30 Width: 6.00 Depth: 9.00
Language: French
Les gènes de virulence des bactéries pathogènes, qui codent pour des toxines, des adhésines, des invasines ou d'autres facteurs de virulence, peuvent être situés sur des éléments génétiques transmissibles tels que des transposons, des plasmides ou des bactériophages. En outre, ces gènes peuvent faire partie de régions particulières du chromosome bactérien, appelées îlots de pathogénicité (PAI). Les îlots de pathogénicité se trouvent aussi bien dans les bactéries Gram-négatives que dans les bactéries Gram-positives. Elles sont présentes dans le génome des souches pathogènes d'une espèce donnée, mais absentes ou rarement présentes dans celles des variantes non pathogènes de la même espèce ou d'espèces apparentées. Elles comprennent de grandes régions d'ADN (jusqu'à 200 kb d'ADN) et portent souvent plus d'un gène de virulence, dont la teneur en G+C diffère souvent de celle du reste du génome bactérien. Dans la plupart des cas, les PAI sont flanquées de séquences d'ADN spécifiques, telles que des répétitions directes ou des éléments de séquence d'insertion (IS). En outre, les PAI de certaines bactéries (par exemple Escherichia coli uropathogène, Yersinia spp., Helicobacter pylori) ont tendance à être supprimées à des fréquences élevées ou peuvent subir des duplications et des amplifications.
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