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Bakterielle Pathogenitätsinseln
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ISBN10: 6208917700
ISBN13: 9786208917708
Publisher: Verlag Unser Wissen
Published: Jun 17 2025
Pages: 128
Weight: 0.40
Height: 0.30 Width: 6.00 Depth: 9.00
Language: German
ISBN13: 9786208917708
Publisher: Verlag Unser Wissen
Published: Jun 17 2025
Pages: 128
Weight: 0.40
Height: 0.30 Width: 6.00 Depth: 9.00
Language: German
Virulenzgene pathogener Bakterien, die für Toxine, Adhäsine, Invasine oder andere Virulenzfaktoren kodieren, können auf übertragbaren genetischen Elementen wie Transposons, Plasmiden oder Bakteriophagen lokalisiert sein. Darüber hinaus können solche Gene Teil bestimmter Regionen auf dem bakteriellen Chromosom sein, die als Pathogenitätsinseln (PAIs) bezeichnet werden. Pathogenitätsinseln kommen sowohl in gramnegativen als auch in grampositiven Bakterien vor. Sie sind im Genom pathogener Stämme einer bestimmten Spezies vorhanden, fehlen jedoch in nicht pathogenen Varianten derselben oder verwandter Spezies oder kommen dort nur selten vor. Sie umfassen gro e DNA-Regionen (bis zu 200 kb DNA) und tragen oft mehr als ein Virulenzgen, dessen G+C-Gehalt sich häufig von dem des übrigen bakteriellen Genoms unterscheidet. In den meisten Fällen sind PAIs von spezifischen DNA-Sequenzen flankiert, wie z. B. direkten Wiederholungen oder Insertionssequenzen (IS-Elementen). Darüber hinaus neigen PAIs bestimmter Bakterien (z. B. uropathogene Escherichia coli, Yersinia spp., Helicobacter pylori) dazu, mit hoher Häufigkeit zu deletieren oder Duplikationen und Amplifikationen zu durchlaufen.
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