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Isole di patogenicità batterica
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ISBN10: 620891759X
ISBN13: 9786208917593
Publisher: Edizioni Sapienza
Published: Jun 17 2025
Pages: 128
Weight: 0.40
Height: 0.30 Width: 6.00 Depth: 9.00
Language: Italian
ISBN13: 9786208917593
Publisher: Edizioni Sapienza
Published: Jun 17 2025
Pages: 128
Weight: 0.40
Height: 0.30 Width: 6.00 Depth: 9.00
Language: Italian
I geni della virulenza dei batteri patogeni, che codificano per tossine, adesine, invasine o altri fattori di virulenza, possono essere localizzati su elementi genetici trasmissibili quali trasposoni, plasmidi o batteriofagi. Inoltre, tali geni possono far parte di particolari regioni del cromosoma batterico, denominate isole di patogenicità (PAI). Le isole di patogenicità si trovano sia nei batteri Gram-negativi che in quelli Gram-positivi. Sono presenti nel genoma dei ceppi patogeni di una determinata specie, ma assenti o presenti solo raramente in quelli delle varianti non patogene della stessa specie o di specie correlate. Comprendono ampie regioni di DNA (fino a 200 kb di DNA) e spesso contengono più di un gene di virulenza, il cui contenuto di G+C spesso differisce da quello del resto del genoma batterico. Nella maggior parte dei casi, i PAI sono affiancati da sequenze di DNA specifiche, come ripetizioni dirette o elementi di sequenza di inserzione (IS). Inoltre, i PAI di alcuni batteri (ad esempio Escherichia coli uropatogeno, Yersinia spp., Helicobacter pylori) hanno la tendenza a essere eliminati con frequenze elevate o possono subire duplicazioni e amplificazioni.
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